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\u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
\u82cf\u8054\u89e3\u4f53\u540e\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65b0\u5efa\u7684\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u98ce\u683c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u662f\u8d6b\u9c81\u6653\u592b\u65f6\u4ee3\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u5c0f\u9762\u79ef\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u5728\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u697c\u76d8\u91cc1000\u5957\u623f\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u670960%\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u90fd\u5c0f\u4e8e60\u5e73\u7c73\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u662f\u5168\u7403\u6700\u5927\u7684\u77f3\u6cb9\u3001\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u751f\u4ea7\u56fd\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u603b\u4ea7\u91cf\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e9a\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4eba\u5747\u4ea7\u91cf\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u8d44\u6e90\u4e5f\u6bd4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u65e0\u6cd5\u652f\u6491\u7f8e\u5f0f\u7684\u5927house\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6c7d\u8f66\u592a\u5c11\u4e0d\u591f\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/strong>2021\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c7d\u8f66\u4ea7\u91cf\u4e3a2600\u4e07\u8f86\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u4ea7\u91cf\u4e3a120\u4e07\uff0c\u4eba\u5747\u6c7d\u8f66\u4ea7\u91cf\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u53ea\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u768440%\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u52a0\u4e0a40\u4e07\u8f86\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u6c7d\u8f66\uff0c\u4eba\u5747\u6d88\u8d39\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u624d\u4e2d\u56fd\u768460%\u3002\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6bd4\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u90a3\u4eba\u5747\u5c31\u5dee\u5f97\u66f4\u8fdc\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u51c4\u60e8\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u4ea7\u9500\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ba9\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u6c11\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8fdc\u8ddd\u79bb\u79c1\u5bb6\u8f66\u901a\u52e4\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u80fd\u8017\u592a\u5927\u5403\u4e0d\u6d88\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u6bd4\u5317\u6b27\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u96c6\u533a\u66f4\u51b7\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8017\u80fd\u4e5f\u5c31\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u4eba\u5747\u80fd\u6e90\u6d88\u8d39\uff0c\u8fdc\u4e0d\u5982\u540c\u7eac\u5ea6\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u632a\u5a01\u4eba\u5747\u5e74\u7528\u7535\u91cf2.4\u4e07\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u76843.5\u500d\u3002\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u867d\u7136\u76db\u4ea7\u77f3\u6cb9\u3001\u5929\u7136\u6c14\uff0c\u4f46\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u4ea7\u80fd\u8981\u7528\u6765\u51fa\u53e3\u6362\u6c47\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u6d88\u8d39\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u591a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u57fa\u5efa\u592a\u5dee\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u9664\u4e86\u80fd\u6e90\u548c\u4ea4\u901a\uff0c\u5206\u6563\u7684\u72ec\u680bhouse\u5bf9\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e73\u644a\u5230\u6bcf\u6237\u7684\u201c\u6c34\u3001\u7535\u3001\u6c14\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u201d\u7684\u6210\u672c\u4e5f\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u771f\u6ca1\u90a3\u4e2a\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u81ea\u6765\u6c34\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u62e5\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5c06\u8fd11\/4\u7684\u6de1\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d1d\u52a0\u5c14\u6e56\uff0c\u6de1\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u5c31\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u768420%\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5168\u90e8\u6de1\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u603b\u548c\uff0c\u4ec5\u5360\u5168\u7403\u76847%\u3002<\/span>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u5b88\u7740\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6de1\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5374\u559d\u4e0d\u5230\u5e72\u51c0\u7684\u81ea\u6765\u6c34\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
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\"\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u2014\u2014\u53cd\u5dee\u6700\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5b64\u72ec\uff01\"<\/section>\n
DW\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\u300a\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u81ea\u6765\u6c34\u5371\u673a\u300b\u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
2021\u5e741\u670831\u65e5\uff0c\u4fc4\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u044f\u0301\u0440\u0441\u043a<\/em>\u5e02158\u4eba\u996e\u7528\u81ea\u6765\u6c34\u4e2d\u6bd2\u3002\u6211\u7279\u610f\u67e5\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u044f\u0301\u0440\u0441\u043a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c0f\u57ce\u4f4d\u4e8e\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a\uff0c\u5730\u5e7f\u4eba\u7a00\uff0c\u53f6\u5c3c\u585e\u6cb3\u7a7f\u57ce\u800c\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f18\u8d28\u7684\u6de1\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u53d6\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5c3d\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u4f9d\u7136\u559d\u4e0d\u5230\u5e72\u51c0\u7684\u81ea\u6765\u6c34\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4e3a\u4e86\u6838\u5b9e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u81ea\u6765\u6c34\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u7279\u610f\u95ee\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u4fc4\u56fd\u751f\u6d3b\u8fc7\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/span>I lived in Russia for 4 years, 2005-2008, in three different major cities; Irkutsk, Nishnevartovsk & Moscow. I never drank tap water; I bathed and brushed my teeth with it but drank only bottled water\u3002<\/span>\u6211\u5728\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u751f\u6d3b\u4e864\u5e74\uff082005\u5e74-2008\u5e74\uff09\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u57ce\u5e02\uff1b\u4f0a\u5c14\u5e93\u8328\u514b\u3001\u5c3c\u4ec0\u5185\u74e6\u5c14\u6258\u592b\u65af\u514b\u3001\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u3002\u6211\u4ece\u4e0d\u559d\u81ea\u6765\u6c34\uff1b\u6211\u7528\u5b83\u6d17\u6fa1\u548c\u5237\u7259\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u559d\u74f6\u88c5\u6c34\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5728\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u81ea\u6765\u6c34\u7b26\u5408\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u716e\u6cb8\u7684\u81ea\u6765\u6c34\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u996e\u7528\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e0d\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u6c34\u6e90\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8001\u65e7\u7684\u6c34\u7ba1\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5927\u90fd\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u82cf\u8054\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8001\u5316\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5e72\u51c0\u7684\u6c34\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u65e0\u6cd5\u996e\u7528\u3002<\/span>\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u4eff\u4f5b\u90fd\u505c\u7559\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u6ca1\u5efa\u8bbe\u597d\uff0c\u65e7\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u8bf4\u5230\u5e95\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8fd8\u662f\u7a77\uff01\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u8db3\u591f\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u4ea7\u4e1a\u914d\u5957\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8d1f\u62c5\u201c\u79c1\u5bb6\u8f66\u957f\u8ddd\u79bb\u901a\u52e4\u3001\u5927house\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u53d6\u6696\u201d\u7684\u7f8e\u5f0f\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u51fa\u7c7b\u62d4\u8403\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\uff0c\u81ea\u66b4\u81ea\u5f03\u7684\u8349\u6839\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u63d0\u8d77\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8fd8\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u4f46\u5230\u5e95\u597d\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1f\u5374\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u4e00\u67e5\u771f\u7684\u5413\u4e00\u8df3\u3002\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u666e\u53ca\u7387\uff0c\u5c45\u7136\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u9ad8\u8fbe53.58%<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u6839\u636e2019\u5e74OECD\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c<\/span>\u5168\u7403\u5404\u56fd\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u53ca\u7387\u6392\u540d:<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
1\u3001\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\uff1a54%<\/span><\/section>\n
2\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff1a53%<\/span><\/section>\n
3\u3001\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\uff1a49%<\/span><\/section>\n
4\u3001\u65e5\u672c: \u00a048%<\/span><\/section>\n
5\u3001\u5362\u68ee\u5821\uff1a46%<\/span><\/section>\n
6\u3001\u97e9\u56fd\uff1a45%<\/span><\/section>\n
6\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\uff1a44%<\/span><\/section>\n
7\u3001\u632a\u5a01\uff1a42%<\/span><\/section>\n
8\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\uff1a42%<\/span><\/section>\n
9\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\uff1a42%<\/span><\/section>\n
10\u3001\u82ac\u5170\uff1a42%<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u90a3\u5f20\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u62c9\u5230\u6700\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u624d\u770b\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0817%\uff09\uff0c\u8fde\u571f\u8033\u5176\u3001\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u3001\u6c99\u7279\u3001\u54e5\u65af\u8fbe\u9ece\u52a0\u3001\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u3001\u7684\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u666e\u53ca\u7387\u90fd\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u9ad8\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6b20\u8d26\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u8981\u8ffd\u4e0a\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u666e\u53ca\u7387\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u8fd8\u8981\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4ee5\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u6570\u5b66\u7cfb\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u6570\u5b66\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5b66\u6d3e\uff0c\u57f9\u517b\u51fa\u4e866\u4e2a\u83f2\u5c14\u5179\u5956\uff08\u522b\u79f0\u6570\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7b97\u4e0a\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e0d\u5c51\u9886\u5956\u7684\u72c2\u4eba\uff0c\u5219\u662f7\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u7b97\u8d77\uff0c\u8fd130\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u83f2\u5c14\u5179\u5956\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6392\u540d\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\u3002\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u81ea\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u5b66\u6700\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u83f2\u5c14\u5179\u5956\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5c45\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u96f6\uff01\u96f6\uff01\u96f6\uff01<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u4e0b\u9650\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e0a\u9650\u5374\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u9ad8\u7aef\u4eba\u624d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5757\uff0c\u8ddf\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u975e\u5e38\u5927\uff01<\/span><\/section>\n
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\"\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u2014\u2014\u53cd\u5dee\u6700\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5b64\u72ec\uff01\"<\/section>\n
1995\u5e74\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6d41\u83ba\uff0c\u6253\u201c\u5feb\u4e50\u9488\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n
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2019\u5e7412\u6708\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709140\u4e07\u4eba\u53e3\u611f\u67d3\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u7403\u611f\u67d3\u7387\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u53cd\u800c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u4f0a\u5c14\u5e93\u8328\u514b60\u4e07\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u5c31\u67091.7\u4e07\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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2002\u5e74\u5728\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u53d6\u540d\u201c\u9cc4\u9c7c\u201d\u7684\u65b0\u54c1\u79cd\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6d77\u6d1b\u56e0\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u9547\u75db\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6548\u679c\u5374\u662f\u5417\u5561\u76848\u523010\u500d\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u4f7f\u7528\u6781\u6613\u4e0a\u763e\u3002<\/span>\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\uff0c\u540c\u5242\u91cf\u7684\u201c\u9cc4\u9c7c\u201d\u6210\u672c\u53ea\u6709\u6d77\u6d1b\u56e0\u7684\u5341\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5236\u4f5c\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e2d\u95f4\u5546\uff08\u6bd2\u8d29\uff09\u8d5a\u5dee\u4ef7\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u53c8\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e48\u9ad8\u7684\u201c\u6027\u4ef7\u6bd4\u201d\uff0c\u6ca1\u94b1\u7684\u763e\u541b\u5b50\u4eec\u5f53\u7136\u559c\u6b22\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7279\u4ea7\u2014\u2014\u6c90\u6d74\u9732<\/span><\/p>\n

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www.moscowdesignmuseum.ru\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u6700\u8fd1\u770b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u535a\u7269\u9986\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u5927\u5f00\u773c\u754c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\"\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u2014\u2014\u53cd\u5dee\u6700\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5b64\u72ec\uff01\"<\/section>\n
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\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u82f9\u679c\u53f0\u5f0f\u673aMac\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5417\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb6\u5ead\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u540d\u4e3a\u65af\u82ac\u514b\u65af\uff08Sphinx\uff09\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e8e1986\u5e74\uff0c<\/strong>\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u7403\u5f62\u626c\u58f0\u5668\u3001\u53ef\u62c6\u5378\u663e\u793a\u5668\u3001\u8033\u673a\u3001\u5e26\u53ef\u62c6\u5378\u663e\u793a\u5668\u7684\u624b\u6301\u9065\u63a7\u5668\u3001\u8f6f\u76d8\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u2026\u2026\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u96c6\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u5355\u72ec\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\"\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u2014\u2014\u53cd\u5dee\u6700\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5b64\u72ec\uff01\"<\/section>\n
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\u5de5\u4e1a\u7ea7\u5361\u8f66 BelAZ-540\uff08\u767d\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6c7d\u8f66\u5382\uff09\uff0c\u7531 Valentin Kobylinsky \u4e8e 1965 \u5e74\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fc7\u4e8e\u6fc0\u8fdb\uff0c\u5361\u8f66\u6700\u7ec8\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4e0e\u4f17\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u56de\u5934\u770b\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u524d\u536b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
\"\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u2014\u2014\u53cd\u5dee\u6700\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5b64\u72ec\uff01\"<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
1964\u5e74\uff0c\u7531Valentin Kobylinsky\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u201c\u900f\u89c6\u51fa\u79df\u8f66\u201d\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u53ef\u60dc\uff0c\u7406\u5ff5\u8fc7\u4e8e\u8d85\u524d\uff0c\u4ece\u672a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u751f\u4ea7\u3002<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53bbpinterest\u4e0a\u641c\u7d22\u82cf\u8054\u8bbe\u8ba1 Soviet Design\uff0c\u4f1a\u610f\u5916\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u7b80\u76f4\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4eca\u5317\u6b27\u98ce\u7684\u7956\u5e08\u7237\u3002\u5178\u96c5\u3001\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u8272\u5f69\u6e29\u6da6\uff0c\u6734\u7d20\u4e2d\u6563\u53d1\u7740\u4f18\u96c5\u548c\u81ea\u4fe1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\"\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u2014\u2014\u53cd\u5dee\u6700\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5b64\u72ec\uff01\"<\/section>\n
Rzhev Memorial to the\u00a0Soviet Soldier<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4e8c\u6218\u52d2\u70ed\u592b\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891<\/span><\/section>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4fc4\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u5851\u9020\u7cbe\u795e\u573a\u6240\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4e0a\u592a\u5728\u884c\u4e86\uff0c\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u4e8c\u6218\u52d2\u70ed\u592b\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u201d<\/span>\u5177\u8c61\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u753b\u4f5c\u9e64\u7fa4\uff0c\u62f7\u95ee\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u517c\u5177\u795e\u5723\u7684\u7f8e\u611f<\/span>\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e0d\u53ef\u591a\u5f97\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f73\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u5ba1\u7f8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u5757\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u6bdb\u5b50\u62ff\u634f\u5f97\u6b7b\u6b7b\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u9020\u578b\uff0c\u5343\u7bc7\u4e00\u5f8b\uff0c\u8fa8\u8bc6\u5ea6\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u89c6\u89c9\u9707\u64bc\u529b\u3002\u5dee\u8ddd\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u3002<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
\"\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u2014\u2014\u53cd\u5dee\u6700\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5b64\u72ec\uff01\"<\/section>\n
Shcherbakova
<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u5973\u5b50\u82b1\u6837\u6ed1\u51b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u7b80\u76f4\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u91cf\u8eab\u5b9a\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u770b\u5f97\u61c2\u96be\u5ea6\u7cfb\u6570\u7684\u89c2\u4f17\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u548c\u6211\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5c31\u7eaf\u7cb9\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e00\u79cd\u7f8e\u611f\u3002\u5176\u5b83\u961f\u4e0a\u573a\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u5c31\u662f\u4f53\u80b2\u6bd4\u8d5b\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u961f\u4e0a\u573a\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u662f\u7f8e\u5b66\u76db\u5bb4\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u628a\u201c\u7ea4\u7ec6\u3001\u7cbe\u5de7\u3001\u9634\u67d4\u201d\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4e4b\u7f8e\u6f14\u7ece\u5230\u6781\u81f4\uff01<\/span><\/section>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
\u867d\u7136\u82cf\u8054\/<\/span>\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u5ba1\u7f8e\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u7ebf\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u6d41\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4eba\u624d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5c11\u6570\u8ba9\u4eba\u773c\u775b\u4e00\u4eae\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u4f46\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u82cf\u8054\/<\/span>\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4ea7\u54c1\u786e\u5b9e\u7c97\u7cd9\u4e0d\u582a\u3002<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\"\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u2014\u2014\u53cd\u5dee\u6700\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5b64\u72ec\uff01\"<\/section>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
2016\u5e74\uff0c\u666e\u4eac\u5728\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u957f\u7ecd\u4f0a\u53e4\u7684\u966a\u540c\u4e0b\uff0c\u89c6\u5bdf\u519b\u5907\u5236\u9020\u5382\uff0c\u666e\u4eac\u8bd5\u56fe\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u8f86\u65b0\u578b\u201c\u7231\u56fd\u8005\u201d\u8d8a\u91ce\u8f66\u7684\u8f66\u95e8\u65f6\uff0c\u6ca1\u62c9\u5f00\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u8fb9\u7684\u5c06\u519b\u820d\u752b\u7434\u79d1\u81ea\u544a\u594b\u52c7\u5e2e\u5fd9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u610f\u5916\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u95e8\u628a\u624b\u5c45\u7136\u88ab\u626f\u6389\u4e86\uff01\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a98\u5883\uff0c\u666e\u4eac\u82e6\u7b11\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5e72\u5f97\u597d\uff01\u201d\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u666e\u4eac\u8eab\u540e\u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u519b\u961f\u603b\u53c2\u8c0b\u957f\u683c\u62c9\u897f\u83ab\u592b\u4e00\u8138\u9707\u60ca\u3002<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
\"\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u2014\u2014\u53cd\u5dee\u6700\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5b64\u72ec\uff01\"<\/section>\n
\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5236\u9020\u7684\u6d17\u8863\u673a\u3002
<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\"\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u2014\u2014\u53cd\u5dee\u6700\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5b64\u72ec\uff01\"<\/section>\n
\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5236\u9020\u7684\u5438\u5c18\u5668\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u51b0\u7bb1\u4e00\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e3a\u662f\u706b\u8f66\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u7535\u89c6\u673a\u5f00\u673a\u9700\u89815\u5206\u949f\u9884\u70ed\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u5f00\u673a4\u5c0f\u5c0f\u65f6\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u7206\u70b8\uff0c\u7528\u8fd9\u73a9\u610f\u513f\u770b\u6625\u665a\uff0c\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u523a\u6fc0\u4e86\uff0c\u96f6\u70b9\u8de8\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5b9a\u65f6\u70b8\u5f39\u5012\u8ba1\u65f6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u65e0\u4e0e\u4f26\u6bd4\u7684\u7cbe\u81f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u7684\u7c97\u7cd9\u3002\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u6c34\u706b\u4e0d\u5bb9\u7684\u4e00\u5bf9\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5374\u540c\u65f6\u5448\u73b0\u5728\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u524d\u4e00\u79d2\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4ed9\u6c14\u98d8\u98d8\u7684\u7f8e\u5973\uff0c\u5f39\u7740\u94a2\u7434\uff0c\u5531\u7740\u7f8e\u58f0\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u79d2\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u62a0\u811a\u5927\u6c49\uff0c\u6bcf\u62a0\u4e0b\u4e00\u7247\u811a\u76ae\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u9001\u5230\u9f3b\u5b50\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u529b\u731b\u5438\u51e0\u53e3\uff0c\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u8138\u4e0a\u9732\u51fa\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u8868\u60c5\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u559c\u6b22\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u3002<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
\u9a84\u5962\u6deb\u9038\u7684\u5be1\u5934\uff0c\u714e\u71ac\u6323\u624e\u7684\u7a77\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
\u82f1\u6587\u201c\u5be1\u5934\u201d\uff08oligarch\uff09\u4e00\u8bcd\u6e90\u81ea\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u7684oligarkhia\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u89c4\u6a21\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5982\u6c5f\u82cf\u7701\uff0c\u5374\u4f9b\u517b\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u7ea7\u7684\u5be1\u5934\u3002\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5207\u5c14\u897f\u8001\u677f\uff0c\u963f\u5e03\u62c9\u83ab\u7ef4\u5947\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u7ea6\u6709145\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u5bcc\u8c6a\u699c\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u80fd\u6392\u5230\u7b2c12\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/span>2021\u5e74\uff0c\u963f\u5e03\u65d7\u4e0b\u7684\u82f1\u8d85\u5207\u5c14\u897f\u961f\uff0c<\/span>\u5e02\u503c32\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u4ed6\u5b9a\u5236\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u98de\u673a\uff08\u6ce2\u97f3767-300\uff09\u201c\u963f\u5e03\u62c9\u83ab\u7ef4\u5947\u5929\u7a7a\u201d\u53f7\u636e\u79f0\u4ef7\u503c10\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u65e5\u8680\u53f7\uff08Eclipse\uff09\u6e38\u8247\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c8\u4ebf\u6b27\u5143\uff0c\u6392\u6c34\u91cf13000\u5428\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8d85\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u7684055\u5927\u9a71\u3002<\/span>\u201cSolaris\u201d\u53f7\uff0c\u603b\u9020\u4ef7\u63a5\u8fd17.7\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u6392\u6c34\u91cf\u8fbe11000\u5428\u3002<\/span>\u4e00\u4e2a\u7403\u961f\uff0c\u4e00\u67b6\u98de\u673a\u3001\u4e24\u8258\u6e38\u8247\uff0c\u5c31\u4ef7\u503c60\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u4e86<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\"\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u2014\u2014\u53cd\u5dee\u6700\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5b64\u72ec\uff01\"<\/section>\n
\u65e5\u8680\u53f7\u6e38\u8247<\/span><\/section>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5be1\u5934\u9a84\u5962\u6deb\u9038\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e2d\u4e0b\u5c42\u7684\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb15\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u90fd\u6ca1\u589e\u957f\u3002<\/span>2021\u5e74\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6708\u85aa\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4e3a35000\u5362\u5e03\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u6c47\u7387\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u6298\u54083200\u5143\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\u3002\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u884c\u4e1a\u6536\u5165\u660e\u663e\u9ad8\u4e8e\u8f7b\u5de5\u4e1a\u3002\u636e\u6089\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u91c7\u77ff\u4e1a\u6708\u85aa\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4e3a6.5\u4e07\u5362\u5e03\uff08\u7ea6\u54086000\u5143\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\uff09\uff0c\u8f7b\u5de5\u4e1a\u884c\u4e1a\u4e3a2\u4e07\u5362\u5e03\uff08\u7ea6\u54081876\u5143\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\uff09\u3002\u6211\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u53cd\u590d\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u5c45\u7136\u662f\u771f\u7684\u3002\u770b\u770b\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7528\u5de5\u8352\uff0c\u518d<\/span>\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u5077\u6e21\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u6253\u5de5\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
2007\u5e74\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6708\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u67093\u5343\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u53ea\u67091\u5343\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u76843\u500d\uff0c\u52302021\u5e74\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6708\u5de5\u8d44\u8fd8\u662f3\u5343\u591a\uff0c15\u5e74\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u7269\u4ef7\u98d9\u6da8\uff0c\u5de5\u8d44\u5374\u6ca1\u6da8\u3002\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89c9\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u7684\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d85\u8d8a\u3002<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\"\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u2014\u2014\u53cd\u5dee\u6700\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5b64\u72ec\uff01\"<\/section>\n
\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u53cc\u5934\u9e70\u56fd\u5fbd<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u603b\u7ed3\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
1866\u5e74\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8bd7\u4eba\u4e18\u7279\u5207\u592b\u5199\u4e0b\u300a\u7406\u667a\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u300b\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
\u51ed\u7406\u667a\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\uff0c<\/span><\/section>\n
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